linux/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt

dm-crypt
=========

Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices
using the kernel crypto API.

For a more detailed description of supported parameters see:
https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt

Parameters: <cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> \
	      <offset> [<#opt_params> <opt_params>]

<cipher>
    Encryption cipher and an optional IV generation mode.
    (In format cipher[:keycount]-chainmode-ivmode[:ivopts]).
    Examples:
       des
       aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
       twofish-ecb

    /proc/crypto contains supported crypto modes

<key>
    Key used for encryption. It is encoded either as a hexadecimal number
    or it can be passed as <key_string> prefixed with single colon
    character (':') for keys residing in kernel keyring service.
    You can only use key sizes that are valid for the selected cipher
    in combination with the selected iv mode.
    Note that for some iv modes the key string can contain additional
    keys (for example IV seed) so the key contains more parts concatenated
    into a single string.

<key_string>
    The kernel keyring key is identified by string in following format:
    <key_size>:<key_type>:<key_description>.

<key_size>
    The encryption key size in bytes. The kernel key payload size must match
    the value passed in <key_size>.

<key_type>
    Either 'logon' or 'user' kernel key type.

<key_description>
    The kernel keyring key description crypt target should look for
    when loading key of <key_type>.

<keycount>
    Multi-key compatibility mode. You can define <keycount> keys and
    then sectors are encrypted according to their offsets (sector 0 uses key0;
    sector 1 uses key1 etc.).  <keycount> must be a power of two.

<iv_offset>
    The IV offset is a sector count that is added to the sector number
    before creating the IV.

<device path>
    This is the device that is going to be used as backend and contains the
    encrypted data.  You can specify it as a path like /dev/xxx or a device
    number <major>:<minor>.

<offset>
    Starting sector within the device where the encrypted data begins.

<#opt_params>
    Number of optional parameters. If there are no optional parameters,
    the optional paramaters section can be skipped or #opt_params can be zero.
    Otherwise #opt_params is the number of following arguments.

    Example of optional parameters section:
        3 allow_discards same_cpu_crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus

allow_discards
    Block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) are passed through the crypt device.
    The default is to ignore discard requests.

    WARNING: Assess the specific security risks carefully before enabling this
    option.  For example, allowing discards on encrypted devices may lead to
    the leak of information about the ciphertext device (filesystem type,
    used space etc.) if the discarded blocks can be located easily on the
    device later.

same_cpu_crypt
    Perform encryption using the same cpu that IO was submitted on.
    The default is to use an unbound workqueue so that encryption work
    is automatically balanced between available CPUs.

submit_from_crypt_cpus
    Disable offloading writes to a separate thread after encryption.
    There are some situations where offloading write bios from the
    encryption threads to a single thread degrades performance
    significantly.  The default is to offload write bios to the same
    thread because it benefits CFQ to have writes submitted using the
    same context.

integrity:<bytes>:<type>
    Calculates and verifies integrity for the encrypted device (uses
    authenticated encryption). This mode requires metadata stored in per-bio
    integrity structure of <bytes> in size.

    This option requires that the underlying device is created by dm-integrity
    target and provides exactly <bytes> of per-sector metadata.

    There can by two options for <type>. The first one is used when encryption
    mode is Authenticated mode (AEAD mode), then type must be just "aead".
    The second option is integrity calculated by keyed hash (HMAC), then
    <type> is for example "hmac(sha256)".

    If random IV is used (persistently stored IV in metadata per-sector),
    then <bytes> includes both space for random IV and authentication tag.

Example scripts
===============
LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk
encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see
https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup

[[
#!/bin/sh
# Create a crypt device using dmsetup
dmsetup create crypt1 --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0 $1 0"
]]

[[
#!/bin/sh
# Create a crypt device using dmsetup when encryption key is stored in keyring service
dmsetup create crypt2 --table "0 `blockdev --getsize $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 :32:logon:my_prefix:my_key 0 $1 0"
]]

[[
#!/bin/sh
# Create a crypt device using cryptsetup and LUKS header with default cipher
cryptsetup luksFormat $1
cryptsetup luksOpen $1 crypt1
]]