Lazily committed shared memory was not working in situations where one
process would write to the memory and another would only read from it.
Since the reading process would never cause a write fault in the shared
region, we'd never notice that the writing process had added real
physical pages to the VMObject. This happened because the lazily
committed pages were marked "present" in the page table.
This patch solves the issue by always allocating shared memory up front
and not trying to be clever about it.
Before this change, we would sometimes map a region into the address
space with !is_shared(), and then moments later call set_shared(true).
I found this very confusing while debugging, so this patch makes us pass
the initial shared flag to the Region constructor, ensuring that it's in
the correct state by the time we first map the region.
We need to free the regions before reverting the paging scope to the
original one when rolling back changes due to an error. This fixes
silent memory corruption.
By designating a committed page pool we can guarantee to have physical
pages available for lazy allocation in mappings. However, when forking
we will overcommit. The assumption is that worst-case it's better for
the fork to die due to insufficient physical memory on COW access than
the parent that created the region. If a fork wants to ensure that all
memory is available (trigger a commit) then it can use madvise.
This also means that fork now can gracefully fail if we don't have
enough physical pages available.
This brings mmap more in line with other operating systems. Prior to
this, it was impossible to request memory that was definitely committed,
instead MAP_PURGEABLE would provide a region that was not actually
purgeable, but also not fully committed, which meant that using such memory
still could cause crashes when the underlying pages could no longer be
allocated.
This fixes some random crashes in low-memory situations where non-volatile
memory is mapped (e.g. malloc, tls, Gfx::Bitmap, etc) but when a page in
these regions is first accessed, there is insufficient physical memory
available to commit a new page.
Rather than lazily committing regions by default, we now commit
the entire region unless MAP_NORESERVE is specified.
This solves random crashes in low-memory situations where e.g. the
malloc heap allocated memory, but using pages that haven't been
used before triggers a crash when no more physical memory is available.
Use this flag to create large regions without actually committing
the backing memory. madvise() can be used to commit arbitrary areas
of such regions after creating them.
This adds the ability for a Region to define volatile/nonvolatile
areas within mapped memory using madvise(). This also means that
memory purging takes into account all views of the PurgeableVMObject
and only purges memory that is not needed by all of them. When calling
madvise() to change an area to nonvolatile memory, return whether
memory from that area was purged. At that time also try to remap
all memory that is requested to be nonvolatile, and if insufficient
pages are available notify the caller of that fact.
Use the GNU LD option --no-dynamic-linker. This allows uncommenting some
code in the Kernel that gets upset if your ELF interpreter has its own
interpreter.
The DevFS along with DevPtsFS give a complete solution for populating
device nodes in /dev. The main purpose of DevFS is to eliminate the
need of device nodes generation when building the system.
Later on, DevFS will assist with exposing disk partition nodes.
This was a goofy kernel API where you could assign an icon_id (int) to
a process which referred to a global shbuf with a 16x16 icon bitmap
inside it.
Instead of this, programs that want to display a process icon now
retrieve it from the process executable instead.
This can happen when an unveil follows another with a path that is a
sub-path of the other one:
```c++
unveil("/home/anon/.config/whoa.ini", "rw");
unveil("/home/anon", "r"); // this would fail, as "/home/anon" inherits
// the permissions of "/", which is None.
```
This new flag controls two things:
- Whether the kernel will generate core dumps for the process
- Whether the EUID:EGID should own the process's files in /proc
Processes are automatically made non-dumpable when their EUID or EGID is
changed, either via syscalls that specifically modify those ID's, or via
sys$execve(), when a set-uid or set-gid program is executed.
A process can change its own dumpable flag at any time by calling the
new sys$prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) syscall.
Fixes#4504.
If the allocation fails (e.g ENOMEM) we want to simply return an error
from sys$execve() and continue executing the current executable.
This patch also moves make_userspace_stack_for_main_thread() out of the
Thread class since it had nothing in particular to do with Thread.
Process had a couple of members whose only purpose was holding on to
some temporary data while building the auxiliary vector. Remove those
members and move the vector building to a free function in execve.cpp
Make it possible to bail out of ELF::Image::for_each_program_header()
and then do exactly that if something goes wrong during executable
loading in the kernel.
Also make the errors we return slightly more nuanced than just ENOEXEC.
Get rid of the lambda functions and put the logic inline in the program
header traversal loop instead. This makes the code quite a bit shorter
and hopefully makes it easier to see what's going on.
This commit gets rid of ELF::Loader entirely since its very ambiguous
purpose was actually to load executables for the kernel, and that is
now handled by the kernel itself.
This patch includes some drive-by cleanup in LibDebug and CrashDaemon
enabled by the fact that we no longer need to keep the ref-counted
ELF::Loader around.
It was really weird that ELF loading was performed by the ELF::Loader
class instead of just being done by the kernel itself. This patch moves
all the layout logic from ELF::Loader over to sys$execve().
The kernel no longer cares about ELF::Loader and instead only uses an
ELF::Image as an interpreting wrapper around executables.
It was possible to overwrite the entire EFLAGS register since we didn't
do any masking in the ptrace and sigreturn syscalls.
This made it trivial to gain IO privileges by raising IOPL to 3 and
then you could talk to hardware to do all kinds of nasty things.
Thanks to @allesctf for finding these issues! :^)
Their exploit/write-up: https://github.com/allesctf/writeups/blob/master/2020/hxpctf/wisdom2/writeup.md
And make an effort to propagate errors out from the inner parts.
This fixes an issue where the kernel would infinitely loop in coredump
generation if the TmpFS filled up.
This implements a number of changes related to time:
* If a HPET is present, it is now used only as a system timer, unless
the Local APIC timer is used (in which case the HPET timer will not
trigger any interrupts at all).
* If a HPET is present, the current time can now be as accurate as the
chip can be, independently from the system timer. We now query the
HPET main counter for the current time in CPU #0's system timer
interrupt, and use that as a base line. If a high precision time is
queried, that base line is used in combination with quering the HPET
timer directly, which should give a much more accurate time stamp at
the expense of more overhead. For faster time stamps, the more coarse
value based on the last interrupt will be returned. This also means
that any missed interrupts should not cause the time to drift.
* The default system interrupt rate is reduced to about 250 per second.
* Fix calculation of Thread CPU usage by using the amount of ticks they
used rather than the number of times a context switch happened.
* Implement CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE and use it
for most cases where precise timestamps are not needed.
Problem:
- `(void)` simply casts the expression to void. This is understood to
indicate that it is ignored, but this is really a compiler trick to
get the compiler to not generate a warning.
Solution:
- Use the `[[maybe_unused]]` attribute to indicate the value is unused.
Note:
- Functions taking a `(void)` argument list have also been changed to
`()` because this is not needed and shows up in the same grep
command.
Switch on the new credentials before loading the new executable into
memory. This ensures that attempts to ptrace() the program from an
unprivileged process will fail.
This covers one bug that was exploited in the 2020 HXP CTF:
https://hxp.io/blog/79/hxp-CTF-2020-wisdom2/
Thanks to yyyyyyy for finding the bug! :^)
We need to account for how many shared lock instances the current
thread owns, so that we can properly release such references when
yielding execution.
We also need to release the process lock when donating.
